The Role Of Nature And Nurture Development At Childhood...

Childhood Development Student’s Name University Name Childhood Development Introduction Twins who have the same genetic makeup raised up in a different environment have portrayed variation in performance and other dynamics of intelligence quotients, physical development, and socioemotional development. Research on adoptions has also revealed interesting results concerning biological and nature in the development of the children. Therefore, this raises the question about the roles of nature and nurture in growth and development at childhood stage. Nature involves the biological genes or the genetic makeup of a person while nurture refers to everything in the surrounding of a person including the people with whom he or she interacts.†¦show more content†¦On the hand, the synapses and neutrons that are not put to use become dormant. It is simply the theory of use and disuse. So to put the development synapses that have been provided by nature to use, nurture is called for to perform the role. The environment of a child plays a significant role in this through stim ulating the cognitive development (Tucker-Drob Harden, 2011). For successful development and permanency of these synapses, there is the need for the environment to offer the learning chances at childhood development stage (Gable, 2000). As already been stated, that the genes for intelligence are inherited, and they are useful in cognitive development. However, in the event of gene mutations, cognitive retardation may be experienced. Brain retardation is caused by either chromosomal anomalies or single-gene syndromes. All these contribute to brain retardation which results in lack of intelligence. Certain foods are attributed to gene mutations which results in the single-gene disorders (McCartney Phillips, 2011). By controlling children dieting (environmental mediations), the disorders can be controlled thus enhancing cognitive development. Therefore, it is through understanding the gene structures and mutations causing the disorders and anomalies that the problem of the brain or cognitive retardation can be solved. It is hence clear that nature and nurture are importantShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Development1060 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of human development deliver a framework to deliberate human grow th, development, and learning. Understanding the theories can deliver useful contents into individuals and society a set of principles and concepts that describe life span development. Development perspectives are the psychoanalytic theory, behavior theory, humanistic approach and cognitive theory. Each theory focuses on different aspects of human development. 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Filipino Youth Subjective Well Being Free Essays

string(126) " are busy finding their own happiness in life, and their basic and material needs come second to finding their own happiness\." Running Head: Youth Subjective Well-Being Filipino Youth Students Subjective Well-Being Scale Kathlyn Rose Gabriel Maria Sophie Gatab Kimberly Lagumen Kristin Navalta Abstract The researchers of the present study constructed a scale that is designed to measure the perceived subjective well-being of the Filipino youth, and how they are affected by the three factors namely: life satisfaction, negative affect and positive affect. The items were constructed based on the information gathered by the researchers from journals and other sources. The researchers constructed a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale which consists of 59 items and was administered to 200 Filipino youth participants. We will write a custom essay sample on Filipino Youth Subjective Well Being or any similar topic only for you Order Now The data analysis revealed a Cronbach’s alpha of . 895 Filipino Youth Subjective well-being Scale The Filipino youth have their own way of satisfying their lives and how they will be contented and happy with it. The most commonly used question probing life satisfaction is: â€Å"how satisfied are you with your life as a whole at present? † Some are uncertain with regards to their overall happiness, while some are certain that they are indeed happy and satisfied with their life. In this study, the researchers constructed a 5-point Likert Scale that is designed to measure an individual’s perceived level of well-being. The researcher’s objective to determine which factor gives stronger influence on the subjective well-being of the Filipino youth. Does it follow that Filipino youth with parents are happier than those without? Can the researchers conclude that youth who chose to have no social networks, company, or friends, are lonelier than those with web-like affiliations? These are some of the queries that this research aimed to investigate on. Conceptual Framework vh Figure 1. Filipino Youth Subjective Well-Being Framework Subjective well-being is defined as the individual’s current evaluation of her happiness. Such an evaluation is often expressed in affective terms; when asked about subjective well-being, participants will often say, â€Å"I feel good† (Schwartz Strack, 1999). Measuring people’s life happiness has one th at makes life interesting especially when they know that they are satisfied with what they feel. In the present study, the researchers came up with three sub-factors namely life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect. They aimed to use these three factors to measure a person’s perceived subjective well-being. Also, they were able to know how these factors put an effect on the Filipino youth. Affect describes the emotions and feelings of a person based on his or her present life. Life satisfaction is how an individual judges his or her overall satisfaction in life (Hoorn, 2007). Life satisfaction is the measure of an individual’s perceived level of well-being and happiness. It is frequently assessed in surveys, by asking individuals how satisfied they are with their own lives. Positive and negative affect are both states and traits that have been shown to relate to personalities such as happiness and anxiety. Review of Related Literature Subjective well-being Subjective well-being (SWB) is the scientific name for how people evaluate their lives in terms of a global judgment (such as satisfaction with one’s life and experience of more frequent pleasant emotions as compared to unpleasant emotions (Diener et al. , 1999). SBW is the self-evaluation of life satisfaction (Robbins Kliewe, 2000, as cited in Vera et al. , 2008) and its cognitive evaluation is measured through judgments of life satisfaction. Meanwhile, affective components are measured by assessing the frequency of the occurrence of pleasant and unpleasant emotions. Life Satisfaction This article looks into the situation of people with spinal cord injury during acute rehabilitation and 3 months after discharge. The participants were assessed on how they can scale their life satisfaction during rehabilitation. The hypothesis of this study is that greater benefit finding, hope, and positive affect will be related to greater life satisfaction both during the initial acute rehabilitation period as well as 3 months post discharge. It was stated that spinal cord injury (SCI) can result to life changes. Decreased rates of returning to work (Schonherr, Groothoff, Mulder, Eisma, 2005), poorer life satisfaction, decreased life participation, decreased independence, decreased community integration (Charlifue Gerhart, 2004), and increased psychological distress have all been found to occur in this population. There were eighty-seven adults who were participating in in-patient; acute rehabilitation for spinal cord injury in two metropolitan hospitals completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results revealed initial support for facilitators playing an important role in life satisfaction, which facilitators contribute uniquely at 3-month follow up. In summary, the results provide support for a predictive relationship between facilitator variable, life satisfactions for individuals with acute SCI. These findings suggest that facilitators potentially play a strong role in the rehabilitation patient’s subjective well being and provide potential avenues for interventions that could be proactively applied to facilitate positive outcomes. According to the article about science of happiness, people have their different opinion on how they live their life but most people are not contended on it. According to the Subjective- well being (SWB), defines as an indicator of people’s happiness on how they rated their life as worth- living and on how people funding on to achieve satisfaction in their lives. Another idea of what constitutes a good life, however, is that it is desirable for people themselves to think that they are living good lives (Diener, 2000). Our study concerns college students on how they rated their subjective well-being, since one of the sources of people’s subjective well-being is based on their self-fulfillment. Based on the article it was said that presents means from an international college sample of 7,204 respondents signified how students view happiness. These people asked the experimenter on how they often think about SWB and how important their SWB is for them. The results revealed that scores of the participants has a greater effect when it comes to rating their happiness. It was also revealed that it has a significant effect when it comes to their life satisfaction. The result revealed that people still wants to satisfy their lives and that they are busy finding their own happiness in life, and their basic and material needs come second to finding their own happiness. You read "Filipino Youth Subjective Well Being" in category "Papers" They give importance to their fulfillments, dreams and happiness. Diener and Fujita (1995) mentioned that people measure their subjected well-being (SWB) based on their physical attributes, their capability to make friends, gain employment, and have romantic relationships and to generally feel empowered. A person with money should not only be better able to meet his or her basic physical needs but also should be able to develop his or her talents, have more choices in terms of recreation. The co variation of resources such as money, family support, social skills, and intelligence with subjective well-being (SWB) was assessed in 222 college students (110 men and 112 women) in Midwestern University. The resources found in SWB are material, social, or personal characteristics that a person possesses that he or she can use to make progress toward her or his personal goals. Resources can be external possessions (e. g. , money), social roles (e. g. , being a chairperson), and personal characteristics (e. g. , intelligence). The experimenters used a Life Scale, and a number of interesting findings emerged from this study. First, SWB, as measured by different methods, formed strongly convergent factors. Second, family and friends rated the target participants as above average on every single resource. Third, there are certain resources that are prominently depicted in the media as being very important to happiness (e. g. money, physical attractiveness, and material possessions). They theorized that those assets are related to SWB insofar as they help individuals attain states they desire. To the extent that people differ in their desires and the resources they use to attain those desires, the effects of particular assets on SWB will differ from person to person. Happiness is a common goal toward which people strive, but for many it remains frustratingly ou t of reach (Buss, 2000). It was said that the best things in life are free but it was not stated how we can get them. Gaining happiness is hard to attain, and eagerness to gain happiness can frustrate people. In this article it was stated how people desire to feel happy. These include the desire to be successful, to have a good life, to have friends who never let them down and to gain such confidence to overcome life. When a people gain these desires, it can make them feel complete and satisfied. We as researchers conclude that fulfilling one’s desire can make a person satisfied and happy. Affect Positive affect Numerous studies show that happy individuals are successful across multiple life domains, including marriage, friendship, income, work performance, and health because of positive emotions (Diener, King, Lyubomirsky, 2005). The researchers suggested that happiness is linked to success not only because success breeds happiness, but also because positive affect causes success (Diener, 2005). This study implies that success of happy people rests on 2 factors; one is that because happy people frequently experience positive emotions (positive affect), which makes them more likely to strive towards new goals while experiencing those emotions. Second is that people possesses skills and resources, which they have developed in the past while experiencing positive emotions. This study implies that positive affect is a factor for a person’s subjective well-being (happiness) which leads to the success of the person. In a study of Myers (2000), predictors of subjective well-being are revealed, which all involves positive emotions. Ed Diener (as cited in Myers, 2000) measured the subjective well-being of over 1. 1 million people over 45 nations through administering a survey. Results revealed that people who reported that they are happy seemed to look happy to their family members and close friends. The result of their daily mood ratings revealed positive emotions as well. Depressed people reported to have negative emotions and that they are less healthy, physically and emotionally, than those who reported to be happy. Overall, this article shows that emotions affect how people perceive themselves (and how they are perceived by others) in terms of their subjective well-being. Caprara and Steca’s (2005) study suggests that there are two main components of subjective well-being; first, an individual’s evaluation of life satisfaction according to subjectively determined standards, and second, the predominance of positive affect over negative affect (Diener, Suh, Lucas, Smith, 1999, as cited in Caprara Steca, 2005). Caprara (2005) suggested that life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism are components of subjective well-being, and all together these three shares a common dimension called â€Å"positive thinking†. However, positive thinking is more stable overtime and holds stronger relations with a variety of other indicators of well-being when compared to life satisfaction, self-esteem, and optimism (Caprara Steca, 2004, as cited in Caprara Steca 2005). In the work of Bradburn (as cited in Caprara Steca, 2005), the dominance of positive emotional experiences over negative ones was stated as a core dimension of subjective well-being. Later studies led to the suggestion that positive and negative affect are independent dimensions. As they are experienced in different life situations, the distinction between positive and negative affect are ought to be affective components of subjective well-being (Diener, 2000; Diener Emmons, 1984; Diener, Smith, Fujita, 1995; Diener, Suh, Lucas, Smith, 1999; Zevon Tellegen, 1982, as cited in Diener Steca, 2005) Positive emotions signify that life is going well, the person’s goals are being met, and resources are adequate (Clore, Wyer, Dienes, Gasper, Isbell, 2001). The characteristics related to positive affect include confidence, optimism, and self-efficacy; likability and positive view of others; sociability, activity, and energetic. Positive emotions produce the tendency to approach rather than to avoid and to prepare the individual to seek out and undertake new goals. In this journal research evidence supports the notion that it is the amount of time that people experience positive affect that defines happiness. They also identify happy individuals as those who experience high average levels of positive affect. In summary, their review of the cross-sectional empirical literature suggests that happiness is positively correlated. Their examination of the cross-sectional correlational literature thus far suggests that high subjective well-being is related to positive outcomes in many areas of life, which is brought by positive affect. Negative Affect In the article â€Å"Happiness and Stereotypic Thinking in Social Judgment†, the role of happiness and stereotyping in students’ perceptions and judgments and how either negative or positive emotions affect someone’s judgments are examined. The article hypothesized that if people felt happy, the tendency would be that the judgment would be positive, and when a person’s mood is angry or sad the reaction would be negative. It was also stated that negative affect is the fuel for the fire of prejudice and stereotyping (Bodenhausen, Kramer ; Susser, 1994, as cited in O’Brien, 2008). In this study, the participants were 94 undergraduate students (21 men and 73 women). At first the experimenter explained about recalling their happy memories to set their mood and after that they were asked to read a case. After that, they were asked to respond prior to reading it. The results yielded that person who have negative mood response into the case more stereotypic comparable to the happy subjects in the present experiments. These findings collectively suggest that previous views about the connections between affect and stereotyping have been proven. We, as the researchers conclude that if people have negative feelings (sadness, anger or depression) the tendency is that they may respond to an object or situation negatively contrasting to the person who has positive affect. People who have a feeling that they’re losing living their life or life is pretty hard for them feel negative emotions such as anxiety, sadness, anger, depression, or guilt etc. These affects made them feel that they’re not living their life worthy and contended. This article entitled â€Å"Origins and Functions of Positive and Negative Affect: A Control-Process View† differentiated both affect as either positive or negative. But we the researchers would like to focus more on the negative affect. It was said that, when situations are unfavorable, people have negative feelings—anxiety, dysphoria, or despair (Carver ; Scheier, 1990). That people who are in bad mood tend to view life negatively and being in a bad mood makes people see things negatively as well. Method Item Selection and Construction In constructing the Filipino Youth Subjective Well-Being Scale, the researchers had come up with two dimensions: life satisfaction and affect (positive, negative). Each sub factor consist 20 questions. The researchers gathered data from supporting journals on constructing each item. After constructing the items, the researchers had it evaluated by a professional. After the evaluation, the researchers constructed the items into a questionnaire. Data gathering The researchers administered the test online to 100 participants and a hard copy of the test to another 100 participants, totaling to 200 participants with a mean age of 19. 12. The participants came from different schools such as Miriam College, St. Paul University, University of the East, T. I. P, La Consolacion College, Far Eastern University, San Beda College, Centro Escolar University, ISCHAM, Polytechnic University of the Philippines and University of the Philippines. Data Analysis The researchers came up with the decision that some of the items would be revised because other statistical reliability analyses of these items are still acceptable. Table. 1 Retained Items Items QuestionCorrected Item-Total CorrelationCronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted 1. I love spending time with my family. 457. 892 4. I enjoy being with my friends. 390. 893 6. I spend my time in doing things that really interest me .377 .893 7. I have a good grades at school. 292. 894 8. I am very passionate in everything I do. 392. 893 9. I do the things that I enjoy everyday. 46. 892 10. At the end of the day I am satisfied with what I have done . 495 .891 11. I am happy in my life right now. 494. 891 14. I always get what I want in my life to satisfy my need/s . 255 .894 15. I have accomplished more in my life, than other people . 208 .894 18. My life has a meaning. 420. 892 20. Life is full of adventure. 438. 892 21. I feel loved by my family and friends. 596. 891 22. I feel that all my friends cares for me . 496. 892 23. My family and friends are afraid of losing me. 519. 891 24. I am satisfied with the activities that I do .553 .891 25. I feel energetic. 417. 892 26. I enjoy my physical education class. 129. 896 27. I am happy with my daily routine. 499. 891 28. I am in good spirit. 507. 891 29. I am hardly ever angry. 182. 895 30. I feel satisfied. 573. 891 31. I am proud when I accomplish something. 450. 892 32. I can deal with my problems. 497. 892 33. I feel so inspired. 497. 891 34. I am so alive. 618. 890 35. I accept myself for who I am. 535. 891 36. I am a strong person. 459. 892 37. I accept all criticism with respect. 416. 892 38. I am willing to grow and learn from my mistakes. 449. 892 39. My friends always compliment that I am a cheerful person . 354 .893 40. I am able to keep my calm in complicated situations .327 .893 41. I enjoy doing risky things. 075. 896 Table. 2 Reversed Items Item QuestionCorrected Item-Total CorrelationCronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted 12. I find myself lonely sometimes .267 .894 16. I am not happy with my disposition in my life. 402. 892 43. I keep distance from others .260 .894 48. I’ve been in trouble with the school policies .252 .894 56. I have tried to hurt or kill myself .318 .893 58. I am not interested in having close friends .367 .893 44. When I am stressed, I get paranoid or â€Å"just black out† . 225 .895 47. My friends complain that I do not keep my commitments .225 .895 50. I often wonder who I really am .364 .893 51. Others consider me as moody or hot tempered .320 .893 54. I get into a lot of physical fights .332 .893 42. Some people are jealous of me. 080. 896 52. I find it difficult to start something if I have to do it by myself. 283. 894 53. Others will use what I tell them against me. 344. 893 59. I never forget or forgive those who do me wrong .145 .896 60. When alone, I feel helpless and unable to care for my self . 295 894 19. I feel anxious about the future without knowing why. 115. 896 45. I avoid working with others who criticize me. 138. 896 46. I can’t make decisions without the advice or reassurance of others . 227 .894 49. I make friends with other people only when I am sure that they like me .101 .896 55. I fear losing the support of my friends if I disagree with them . 143 .896 57. I use my looks to get the attention that I need. 125. 896 2. No one listens to me. 458. 892 13. Sometimes, I feel like a failure. 442. 892 3. I do not live with my own family. 226. 894 17. I used to enjoy life, now I don’t. 54. 890 The items seen in Table 2 were reversed because of the inconsistency of the statistical results. The items were consistent to be scoring low in the item analysis that it might not be measuring the characteristics of Subjective Well-Being. The examiners considered to keep the items reversed as reliable, because it measures what it intends to measure. Table. 3 Dropped Item 5. My friends influence the way I see life .028 .895 The item seen in Table. 3 is dropped item, because the Corrected Item-Total Correlation scored low from the limit that was considered to be acceptable. Even if the item was revised the score of this item is still low. The examiners believed that if the item above is still included in the final items it will affect the reliability of the scale. The item was consistent to be scoring low in the item analysis that it might not be measuring the characteristics of a well-being of a person. Discussion The table below shows the reliability statistics of the scale when item 5 was deleted. Having a result of (~. 90 above) made the instrument good and can be an ideal instrument for a longitudinal study. The finding indicates that Subjective Well-Being scale measures what it intends to measure even though there are many factors to be considered. Moreover, the researchers established that the scores of SWB scale were on the right track to be as sensitive as it can be to measure a scale of Subjective Well-Being. An item was deleted to make the Cronbach’s Aplha increase. Now, having 59 items in the scale, with the previous item deleted, the Cronbach’s Alpha was increased to . 95 which is an indication of a higher reliability as shown in Figure 2. How to cite Filipino Youth Subjective Well Being, Papers

Securities and Investments Commission Act †Assignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Securities and Investments Commission Act. Answer: Introduction: The issue was basically between the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) and the directors of Storm Financial Limited (SFL). It was basically due to the fact that it was considered that the directors, i.e. Mr. And Mrs. Cassimatis were not following their respective duties with diligence and with Ethical aspects. Before the financial crisis struck the world economy, SFL was under good amount of profits, having revenue of $77 million and the value of gross assets, crossing $120 million. According to Mr. And Mrs. Cassimatis, this case is unique in the Australian Corporate History, namely because of the three factors: The allegation of breach regarding the care and diligence rely upon the single provision of the Companies Act 2001. The breach regarding the same had occurred, when both were the only shareholders of the company and the company was in full solvency. There has been no dispute that both of them were not handling the company with best interests, even during the time of recession. (Federal Court of Australia, 2016) According to the provisions of the Companies Act, the directors of the company, who are the sole shareholders of a solvent company, could not really breach the section 180(1), by a course of conduct, which is highly likely to contravene provisions of the Corporation Act. Hence, it can be said that the main issue regarding the situation of a solvency company was regarding the car and diligence of the directors of the company, who were the sole shareholders of the company. (ASIC, 2016) As per the Section 180(1) of the Corporations Act 2001, the directors of the company should discharge all its duty with due respect and care. It should be done with proper diligence as in the absence of the same; it would become difficult for the company to operate its activities with full professionalism. Coming to the professionalism of the whole scenario, the directors of the company were not doing their respective duties in an appropriate manner and hence, it was required by the corporations act or the law to intervene in the situation. (ASIC, 2015) Apart from this the other law, which is applicable in this scenario is the Section 945A (1) (B), related to the direct contravention of the directors of the company. (ASIC, 2015) Coming to the application of the both the laws, in the current scenario, it should be noted in the absences of these laws, the company would not be able to make sure that it is actually making any sort of an issue, with the current situation. As the lawmakers of the country had stated that in the presence of a solvent company, the directors of the company should make sure that all their activities are taken place with due care and diligence. Proper ethics are to be followed in the most effective manner and hence, it became an important point for most of the current situation to make sure that all these cases do not arise in the long run. (ASIC, 2015) The main point of comparison in this scenario has been because of the comparison, being made regarding the situations before and after the period of recession. It is because of this reasons that the higher authorities are taking an action against the company, as both the directors of the company are not performing its respective activities with the utmost care. This has been under the scrutiny of the law and therefore, it is to be noted that in the presence of these laws, all the companies would be required to make sure that all the necessary laws and rules are to be effectively followed by them. Hence, it can be said that all the companies, be it a public or a private company, should make sure that their management is taking up decisions effectively with proper care and diligence, as in the presence of the same, the company should be operating its activities in the best possible manner and no fraudulent activities are conducted in the long run. (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, 2014) In order to conclude, it can be said that, in the presence of these laws, all the companies will have to make sure that they are complying with the laws, efficiently as in the presence of these laws, all the activities of the company will be labelled. In the present scenario as well, it can be said that Mr. And Mrs. Casemates, did not break any law, as there was no sign of non-diligence and all the work and activities were done with proper care. Hence, it can be said that in the presence of these laws, no company will be able to execute its activities as it will lead them to have a non-existent scenario for the perfection of the company in leading the best example. Therefore, it can be said that the Corporations Act, does play an important role in keeping a check on all the companies under them. (Australian Government, 2017) In this particular case, Kanye is being directed to leave the company as he had opposed the other directors or the siblings of the same. For this reason, he even had held a meeting with the other directors of the company and had given a proposal to become the managing director of the company. Due to some grievances with the family, he had called for a board meeting and had suggested himself to be the managing director of the company. For this reason, the remaining partners of the Koala Ltd. Were even more against him and had stated for a fact that he should be terminated from the company. Following this, the remaining partners of the company had called for a board meeting, where all the current partners were present and it was decided that the company will issue additional shares and 25 shares were open to be purchased for $1,000 each. And the remaining 75 shares were distributed amongst Keith, Kylie and Khaled. Significantly, there was no share distribution to Kanye, which stated th at the company is taking away the shares from him and making it available to others. Koala Ltd. as per the new formation, Kanye would not be a part of the company. (ASIC, 2016) Not only this, the company also had held a meeting, where the remaining directors of the company had stated that the kanye would not be the part of the company anymore and had passed a resolution accordingly. After the meeting was concluded, the remaining directors even stated that they would distribute the dividends of the company and along with it had increased their respective salaries, or directors remuneration. After this meeting, Keith and Kylie had even initiated the process of having a new company, which would aid them to sell their respective products across the world. This wills double their respective profits and hence, the proposal was readily accepted by both the directors of the company. They had named the new company as koala2 Ltd. The main objective of the company was to buy the products from the local sources and sell the product to the foreign market. Therefore, one of the major reasons for the company to make profits was the fact that the company would be engaging itself in the process of buying the local items and selling the same in the international market. (afr, 2017) Coming to the current scenario, Kanye would not go against the current directors of the company as it becomes difficult to go against the majority. The decision was taken by the remaining directors of the company. And hence the majority was against Kanye and his deed of going against the company, the higher authority had discovered that the current directors of the company are following the protocol to make sure that they are taking this decision in the benefit of the company as a whole. Therefore, it can be said that, the Corporations Act allows the directors of the company to go against its team if the majority allows for the same. According to the Section 12, the director can oppose the decision as taken, but if the majority of the management is favouring one decision, it is important to follow the same and hence, Kanye cannot really go against the management of the company. Therefore, it can be said that the Kanye would not be part of the company Koala Ltd. anymore. Kanye was already not a part of the company when the new organization was formed. So therefore, it can be said that Kanye did not really have any rights towards the company. As the new company was formed, Kanye was not even in the management of the company and hence, he cannot enforce his decision or opinion anyway towards the decision making process of the company. Considering the situation of Khaled, he can go against both of his siblings only because of the fact that they are using the same name of the company. Though there is no objection that in no way the other two partners, Keith and Kylie, can open a partnership company, yet it is not allowed for them to use the same name as of the existing company. Therefore, Khaled can actually take the company to the court, as the name Koala has already being in use. And even if they had to use the name, proper prior permission is to be taken from the existing company in order to make sure that there is no confusion with the parties dealin g in with the same. Either they should have included Khaled in the new company, or prior permission was to be taken effectively from the existing shareholders of Koala Ltd. Conclusion In order to conclude, we can say that it is important for any company to make sure that in order to use the name of any company, it is important to be aware of the fact that prior permission is to be taken from the management of the parent company. In the absence of the same, the existent management can take certain action against the same. Therefore, it was an important thing to be observed, with the help of which the second company as formed would only be able to execute its operations successfully. Koala Ltd. being the parent company can take an action against Koala2 Ltd. as it would be leading the breaching of the law. This breaching of law would be considered as an offence and legal action would be taken against the concerned parties, i.e. Koala2 Ltd. (ODwyer, 2016) Bibliography afr. (2017). ASIC alleges Westpac breached responsible mortgage lending laws. 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